Esthetics Core Written Practice Test

Hydroquinone is widely recognized for its effectiveness in lightening hyperpigmentation. It is a powerful skin-bleaching agent that works by inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase, which is essential in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. By reducing melanin production, hydroquinone helps to fade dark spots, melasma, and other forms of hyperpigmentation, leading to a more even skin tone.

While alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) and salicylic acid can contribute to skin exfoliation and may help in improving skin texture and tone, they are not primarily used for lightening hyperpigmentation as hydroquinone is. AHAs, such as glycolic acid, promote cell turnover but do not specifically target melanin production. Salicylic acid, primarily used for acne treatment, can assist in reducing the appearance of post-inflammatory pigmentation but does not directly lighten skin in the same way as hydroquinone or Vitamin C.

Vitamin C is also a well-known ingredient for brightening the skin and reducing hyperpigmentation, as it has antioxidant properties and can inhibit melanin production. However, it is generally considered a less potent option compared to hydroquinone for significant lightening effects.

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