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What does excessive sun exposure primarily increase the risk of?

  1. Wrinkles

  2. Sunburn

  3. Skin cancer

  4. Allergic reactions

The correct answer is: Skin cancer

Excessive sun exposure primarily increases the risk of skin cancer due to the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. UV radiation can damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that may eventually result in the uncontrolled growth of those cells, which is characteristic of cancer. The cumulative effect of sun exposure over the years particularly contributes to this risk, as cells may become more susceptible to malignant changes after prolonged damage. While wrinkles, sunburn, and allergic reactions are also related to sun exposure, they do not have the same level of long-term cancer risk associated with excessive UV exposure. Wrinkles are a result of collagen and elastin breakdown in the skin due to sun damage, which is more of a cosmetic concern than a medical one. Sunburn occurs due to an inflammatory response to immediate overexposure, and allergic reactions may result from photodermatitis or other sensitivities, but these conditions do not carry the same serious, long-term implications as skin cancer. Thus, skin cancer represents the most critical and severe consequence of excessive sun exposure.